The development of microelectrode arrays (MEAs) along with complementary advances in
electronics, mechanics and software to connect with these arrays has led to the in vitro …

Biofilms can cause many bacterial diseases, such as dental disease. An in vitro detection of
biofilms may help to screen antibiofilm drugs. An impedance measurement based on an Au …

A vast majority of existing sub‐millimeter‐scale sensors have a planar, 2D geometry as a
result of conventional top‐down lithographic procedures. However, 2D sensors often suffer …

Carbon nanotube (CNT)–modified surfaces unequivocally demonstrate their biocompatibility
and ability to boost the electrical activity of neuronal cells cultured on them. Reasons for this …

Recent advances in cell and tissue engineering have enabled long-term three-dimensional
(3D) in vitro cultures of human-derived neuronal tissues. Analogous two-dimensional (2D) …

This work presents the first multi-well plate that allows for simultaneous mechanical
stimulation and electrical monitoring of multiple in-vitro cell cultures in parallel. Each well of …

Silicon sensors date back to before 1960 with early Hall and piezoresistive devices. These
used simple processing that was part of the early integrated circuit (IC) industry. As the IC …

Transparent microelectrodes can enable electrophysiology with simultaneous optical
stimulation or imaging directly at the electrode site. Owing to their high surface area …

Chronic pain is the US's# 1 public health crisis: with high incidence and no viable treatment
options. Existing pain management options based on pharmaceutical drugs lead to …

Sinoatrial node field potential is an important electrophysiological signal in cardiac
conduction systems. The field potential is highly sensitive to high glucose. With the different …