By its very nature, the second law of thermodynamics is probabilistic, in that its formulation
requires a probabilistic description of the state of a system. This raises questions about the …

Biomolecular machines are protein complexes that convert between different forms of free
energy. They are utilized in nature to accomplish many cellular tasks. As isothermal …

Abstract Information is physical, a realization that has transformed the physics of
measurement and communication. However, the flow between information, energy and …

We provide a unified thermodynamic formalism describing information transfers in
autonomous as well as nonautonomous systems described by stochastic thermodynamics …

The essence of both classical and quantum engines is to extract useful energy (work) from
stochastic energy sources, eg, thermal baths. In Maxwell's demon engines, work extraction …

We obtain generalizations of the Kelvin-Planck, Clausius, and Carnot statements of the
second law of thermodynamics for situations involving information processing. To this end …

Over the last two decades ratchet mechanisms have transformed the understanding and
design of stochastic molecular systems—biological, chemical and physical—in a move away …

Brownian clocks are biomolecular networks that can count time. A paradigmatic example are
proteins that go through a cycle, thus regulating some oscillatory behavior in a living system …

A breaking of symmetry involves an abrupt change in the set of microstates a system can
explore. This change has unavoidable thermodynamic implications: a shrinkage of the …

We consider the stationary state of a Markov process on a bipartite system from the
perspective of stochastic thermodynamics. One subsystem is used to extract work from a …