The analysis of asset return series of equity prices and stock indices is a well-researched
problem tackled by economists, business and financial analysts in the last few decades. It …

Background: Malaria is considered the most deadly and difficult parasitic disease in the
world. This study aims to use Markov chains to predict the probability patterns of stability or …

Volatility modeling and forecasts are essential tools to all financial sectors. This work
focuses on weekly exchange rate data of the Rwf referred to the USD for a period of seven …