Coastal eutrophication caused by anthropogenic nutrient inputs is one of the greatest threats
to the health of coastal estuarine and marine ecosystems worldwide. Globally,∼ 24% of the …

Early life stages of fish (eggs and larvae) are particularly vulnerable with mortality rates of up
to 99% recorded for a large number of species. High mortality rates result from the limited …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Existing redox classifications and the calibrations of elemental proxies to modern
environmental redox scales are in need of re-evaluation. Here, we review environmental …

Over the past decades, three major challenges to marine life have emerged as a
consequence of anthropogenic emissions: ocean warming, acidification and oxygen loss …

The temporal link between large igneous province (LIP) eruptions and at least half of the
major extinctions of the Phanerozoic implies that large scale volcanism is the main driver of …

Carrion provides a very rich, but ephemeral resource which is utilized by a progression of
insects and other arthropods, from fresh until dry remains. When the sequence of insects …

The important life-supporting role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has evolved from bacteria to
plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, and finally to mammals. Over the centuries, however, H2S …

Degradation of coastal water quality in the form of low dissolved oxygen levels (hypoxia) can
harm biodiversity, ecosystem function, and human wellbeing. Extreme hypoxic conditions …

Global warming and local eutrophication simultaneously lower oxygen (O2) saturation and
increase biological O2 demands to cause deoxygenation. Tropical shallow waters, and their …