The population is aging at a rate never seen before in human history. As the number of
elderly adults grows, it is imperative we expand our understanding of the underpinnings of …

Preventing and controlling influenza virus infection remains a global public health
challenge, as it causes seasonal epidemics to unexpected pandemics. These infections are …

The skin is the outermost layer of the body with an extensive surface area of approximately
1· 8 m2, and is the first line of defence against a multitude of external pathogens and …

Ageing is a global burden. Increasing age is associated with increased incidence of
infections and cancer and decreased vaccine efficacy. This increased morbidity observed …

This review attempts to cover the implication of the toll-like receptors (TLRs) in controlling
immune functions with emphasis on their significance, function, regulation and expression …

Human aging is a multifactorial phenomenon that affects numerous organ systems and
cellular processes, with the immune system being one of the most dysregulated …

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to
infection. Sepsis can be caused by a broad range of pathogens; however, bacterial …

Background Prophylactic pinning of the uninvolved side after unilateral slipped capital
femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is controversial. The alpha angle, a measurement of femoral head …

As we age, the innate immune system becomes dysregulated and is characterized by
persistent inflammatory responses that involve multiple immune and non-immune cell types …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in phagocytes is a major defense mechanism
against pathogens. However, the cellular self-protective mechanism against such potential …