Increasing evidence corroborates the fundamental role of neuroinflammation in the
development of epilepsy. Proinflammatory cytokines (PICs) are crucial contributors to the …

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures.
Inflammation is one of the six major causes of epilepsy, and its role in the pathogenesis of …

Neuropsychiatric disorders denote a broad range of illnesses involving neurology and
psychiatry. These disorders include depressive disorders, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling plays a detrimental role in traumatic brain
injury (TBI) pathology. Pharmacologic or genetic inactivating TLR4 diminish TBI …

We recently reported that intraperitoneal injection of a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
prevents chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. In this study, we reported …

Recent studies indicate that microglia may play a critical role in epileptogenesis during the
early post-status epilepticus (SE) period. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of …

Acrolein is a clear, colorless liquid and a highly reactive α, β-unsaturated aldehyde.
Acrolein, a byproduct and initiator of oxidative stress, has a major role in the pathogenesis of …

Background Recent data suggested that inflammatory responses are involved in the acute
or chronic phase of drug-resistant epilepsy. The aim of this study was to examine the signal …

It has been reported that pre-stimulation of the innate immune system can prevent
depressive and anxiogenic-like behaviors in chronically stressed male mice. However, it is …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with
abnormally elevated neuroinflammatory responses. Suppression of neuroinflammation is …