Conservative, surgical and pharmacological strategies for chronic low back pain (CLBP)
management offer at best modest effect sizes in reducing pain and related disability …

Functional bowel disorders are highly prevalent disorders found worldwide. These disorders
have the potential to affect all members of society, regardless of age, sex, race, creed, color …

Introduction: The mechanism of sensitization of the central nervous system partly explains
the chronic pain experience in many patients, but the etiological mechanisms of this central …

Centrally mediated abdominal pain syndrome, formerly known as functional abdominal pain
syndrome, can be distinguished from other functional gastrointestinal disorders by its strong …

Opioids were one of the earliest classes of medications used for pain across a variety of
conditions, but morbidity and mortality have been increasingly associated with their chronic …

Introduction Few treatment programs for chronic pain nowadays take a dietary pattern or
adipose status into account. Areas covered An important role of neuroinflammation in …

Chronic pain remains to be a clinical challenge due to insufficient therapeutic strategies.
Minocycline is a member of the tetracycline class of antibiotics, which has been used in …

Chronic disturbances of gastrointestinal function encompass a wide spectrum of clinical
disorders that range from common conditions with mild‑to‑moderate symptoms to rare …

Minocycline prevents oxidative protein modifications and damage in disease models
associated with inflammatory glial activation and oxidative stress. Although the drug has …

OBJECTIVES: The paradoxical development of chronic abdominal pain is an
underrecognized side effect of opioid use. Narcotic bowel syndrome (NBS), occurring in only …