Amphibian skin is a mucosal surface in direct and continuous contact with a microbially
diverse and laden aquatic and/or terrestrial environment. As such, frog skin is an important …

Introduction: Antimicrobial peptides are a large class of compounds that are part of innate
immune response found among all classes of life and are considered promising compounds …

In recent years, the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is increasing rapidly. There
is growing concern as the development of antibiotics is slower than the increase in the …

Phospholipase A 2 toxins present in snake venoms interact with biological membranes and
serve as structural models for the design of small peptides with anticancer, antibacterial and …

Classical research on animal toxicity has focused on the role of toxins in protection against
predators, but recent studies suggest these same compounds can offer a powerful defense …

The broad diversity of amphibian developmental strategies has been shaped, in part, by
pathogen pressure, yet trade-offs between the rate of larval development and immune …

Habitat fragmentation can negatively impact wildlife populations by simplification of
ecological interactions, but little is known about how these impacts extend to host …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and have
promise as new therapeutic agents. While the adult North American bullfrog (Rana …

In nature, multiple waves of exposure to the same parasite are likely, making it important to
understand how initial exposure or infection affects subsequent host infections, including the …

At the end of 2019, in China, clinical signs and symptoms of unknown etiology have been
reported in several patients whose sample sequencing revealed pneumonia caused by the …