The cell-autonomous innate immune system enables animal cells to resist viral infection.
This system comprises an array of sensors that, after detecting viral molecules, activate the …

Host defense against viral pathogens is an essential function for all living organisms. In cell-
intrinsic innate immunity, dedicated sensor proteins recognize molecular signatures of …

The ancient, ongoing coevolutionary battle between bacteria and their viruses,
bacteriophages, has given rise to sophisticated immune systems including restriction …

Bacterial anti-phage systems are frequently clustered in microbial genomes, forming
defense islands. This property enabled the recent discovery of multiple defense systems …

A fundamental strategy of eukaryotic antiviral immunity involves the cGAS enzyme, which
synthesizes 2′, 3′-cGAMP and activates the effector STING. Diverse bacteria contain …

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a receptor in human cells that senses foreign cyclic
dinucleotides that are released during bacterial infection and in endogenous cyclic GMP …

Abstract The Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain is a canonical component of animal
and plant immune systems,. In plants, intracellular pathogen sensing by immune receptors …

Tissue resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells offer rapid and long-term protection at sites of
reinfection. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes with characteristics of TRM cells maintain …

Facing frequent phage challenges, bacteria have evolved numerous mechanisms to resist
phage infection. A commonly used phage resistance strategy is abortive infection (Abi), in …

Abstract Cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic DNA sensor that produces the
second messenger cG [2′–5′] pA [3′–5′] p (2′ 3′-cGAMP) and controls activation of …