Network science is today established as a backbone for description of structure and function
of various physical, chemical, biological, technological, and social systems. Here we review …

Background The integration of biological, psychological, and social factors in medicine has
benefited from increasingly precise stress response biomarkers. Mitochondria, a subcellular …

Research on mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of developmental programming of
health and disease has focused primarily on processes that are specific to cell types, organs …

Molecular circadian clocks exist in almost all cells of the organism and operate for
approximately 24 hours, maintain the normal physiological and behavioral body processes …

The complex interactions in biological systems have been shown to affect the response to
single-targeted therapies which were initially developed under the “reductionist paradigm” of …

Key points Hearts from type 2 diabetic animals display perturbations in excitation–
contraction coupling, impairing myocyte contractility and delaying relaxation, along with …

Organelles play important roles in human health and disease, such as maintaining
homeostasis, regulating growth and aging, and generating energy. Organelle diversity in …

Living systems exhibit non-randomly organized biochemical, physiological, and behavioral
processes that follow distinctive patterns. In particular, animal behavior displays both fractal …

Mitochondria serve multiple key cellular functions, including energy generation, redox
balance, and regulation of apoptotic cell death, thus making a major impact on healthy and …

Networks of oscillating processes are a common occurrence in living systems. This is as true
as anywhere in the energy metabolism of individual cells. Exchanges of molecules and …