Two high-sediment-accumulation-rate Icelandic lakes, the glacial lake Hvítárvatn and the
non-glacial lake Haukadalsvatn, contain numerous tephra layers of known age, which …

The climate of the last two millennia was characterized by decadal to multicentennial
variations, which were recorded in terrestrial records and had important societal impacts …

Reproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to
placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present …

The evolution of industrial-era warming across the continents and oceans provides a context
for future climate change and is important for determining climate sensitivity and the …

MATTERS ARISING NATURE GEOSCIENCE they do not directly respond to the AMOC and
their signal may be compromised by other non-physical factors. For instance, the Sherwood …

We present two new multi-proxy reconstructions of the extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere
(30–90° N) mean temperature: a two-millennia long reconstruction reaching back to 1 AD …

This paper identifies rare climate challenges in the long-term history of seven areas, three in
the subpolar North Atlantic Islands and four in the arid-to-semiarid deserts of the US …

Despite numerous investigations, the dynamical origins of the Medieval Climate Anomaly
and the Little Ice Age remain uncertain. A major unresolved issue relating to internal climate …

Robust climate reconstructions of the most recent centuries and millennia are invaluable for
placing modern warming in the context of natural variability. Here we present an extended …

There were several centennial-scale fluctuations in the climate and oceanography of the
North Atlantic region over the past 1,000 years, including a period of relative cooling from …