Placebo and Nocebo Effects Placebo and nocebo effects (effects of patients' positive and
negative expectations) are powerful and pervasive in clinical practice. Neurobiologic …

Despite their ubiquitous presence, placebos and placebo effects retain an ambiguous and
unsettling presence in biomedicine. Specifically focused on chronic pain, this review …

Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent health problems in our modern world, with millions
of people debilitated by conditions such as back pain, headache and arthritis. To address …

Background Contextual effects (ie, placebo response) refer to all health changes resulting
from administering an apparently inactive treatment. In a randomized clinical trial (RCT), the …

Pain is a multidimensional experience that involves interacting sensory, cognitive, and
affective factors, rendering the treatment of chronic pain challenging and financially …

Pharmacological strategies for pain management have primarily focused on dampening
ascending neurotransmission and on opioid receptor–mediated therapies. Little is known …

Our understanding of the mechanisms mediating or moderating the placebo response to
medicines has grown substantially over the past decade and offers the opportunity to …

Modern medicine has progressed in parallel with the advancement of biochemistry,
anatomy, and physiology. By using the tools of modern medicine, the physician today can …

The placebo effect has often been considered a nuisance in basic and particularly clinical
research. This view has gradually changed in recent years due to deeper insight into the …

For many years, placebos have been defined by their inert content and their use as controls
in clinical trials and treatments in clinical practice. Recent research shows that placebo …