Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play cytoprotective activities under pathological conditions
through the initiation of protein folding, repair, refolding of misfolded peptides, and possible …

Atherosclerosis, the major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is a chronic inflammatory
condition with immune competent cells in lesions producing mainly pro-inflammatory …

The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) obtained from a standard complete blood count
(CBC) is a convenient and inexpensive biochemical parameter representing the variability in …

Recently, it has been recognized that oral infection, especially periodontitis, may affect the
course and pathogenesis of a number of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular …

Immune responses participate in every phase of atherosclerosis. There is increasing
evidence that both adaptive and innate immunity tightly regulate atherogenesis. Although …

Atherosclerosis, the cause of myocardial infarction, stroke, and ischemic gangrene, is an
inflammatory disease. The atherosclerotic process is initiated when cholesterol-containing …

Insights into the important contribution of inflammation and immune functions in the
development and progression of atherosclerosis have greatly improved our understanding …

The prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has improved due to better treatment
and care, but cardiovascular disease (CVD) still remains an important clinical problem, since …

Periodontal disease is perhaps the most common chronic infection in adults. Evidence has
been accumulating for the past 30 years which indicates that almost all forms of periodontal …

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Its lesions are filled with immune cells that can
orchestrate and effect inflammatory responses. In fact, the first lesions of atherosclerosis …