Protein phosphorylation is a crucial regulator of protein and cellular function, yet, despite
identifying an enormous number of phosphorylation sites, the role of most is still unclear …

Membrane proteins are highly diverse in both structure and function and can, therefore,
present different challenges for structure determination. They are biologically important for …

Class B G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
(GLP1R) and parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), are important drug targets …

Activation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by its chemokine ligand CXCL12 regulates
diverse cellular processes. Previously reported crystal structures of CXCR4 revealed the …

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors. Class
B1 GPCRs constitute a subfamily of 15 receptors that characteristically contain large …

Drug discovery is a crucial part of human healthcare and has dramatically benefited human
lifespan and life quality in recent centuries, however, it is usually time-and effort-consuming …

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of small membrane proteins, such as G protein-coupled
receptors (GPCRs), remains challenging. Pushing the performance boundaries of the …

Recent technological advances in cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have led to new
opportunities in the structural biology field. Here we benchmark the performance of two 300 …

The extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) is the longest and the most diverse loop among class AG
protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It connects the transmembrane (TM) helices 4 and 5 …

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Peptide (PACAP) and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
(VIP) are neuropeptides involved in a diverse array of physiological and pathological …