Calcium carries messages to virtually all important functions of cells. Although it was already
active in unicellular organisms, its role became universally important after the transition to …

The first animals evolved from an unknown single-celled ancestor in the Precambrian
period. Recently, the identification and characterization of the genomic and cellular traits of …

The view that sleep is essential for survival is supported by the ubiquity of this behavior, the
apparent existence of sleep-like states in the earliest animals, and the fact that severe sleep …

Climate Change and the Course of Global History presents the first global study by a
historian to fully integrate the earth-system approach of the new climate science with the …

The~ 1.6 Ga Tirohan Dolomite of the Lower Vindhyan in central India contains phosphatized
stromatolitic microbialites. We report from there uniquely well-preserved fossils interpreted …

Construction and assembly of the Geologic Time Scale involves:(a) constructing a relative
(chronostratigraphic) standard scale for key periods in the Earth's rock record;(b) identifying …

More than a century ago, the term 'virus' was introduced to describe infectious agents that
are invisible by light microscopy and capable of passing through sterilizing filters. In addition …

Centrioles/basal bodies (CBBs) are microtubule-based cylindrical organelles that nucleate
the formation of centrosomes, cilia, and flagella. CBBs, cilia, and flagella are ancestral …

Simple multicellularity has evolved numerous times within the Eukarya, but complex
multicellular organisms belong to only six clades: animals, embryophytic land plants …

Earth as an Evolving Planetary System, Fourth Edition discusses key topics dealing with the
evolution and interaction through time of Earth's crust, mantle, core, atmosphere …