Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), as a main transcriptional regulator of metabolic
adaptation to changes in the oxygen environment, participates in many physiological and …

Sp1 is a ubiquitously expressed, prototypic C2H2-type zinc finger-containing DNA binding
protein that can activate or repress transcription in response to physiologic and pathological …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by choroidal neovascularization
(CNV), which leads to severe vision loss in middle-aged and elderly patients. Current …

Cellular hypoxia, a local decrease in the oxygen concentration below normal (21%)
atmospheric concentrations, occurs in both physiological and pathological situations. The …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as an energy sensor to provide metabolic
adaptations under the ATP-deprived conditions such as hypoxia. In the present study, we …

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) leads to injury in distant organs, most commonly
the lungs, although limited studies have examined self‐protective mechanisms during CIRI …

The pathogenetic agents involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy are diverse. In
the setting of hyperglycaemia and retinal hypoxia a number of vasoactive factors may …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which was originally discovered as vascular
permeability factor, is critical to human cancer angiogenesis through its potent functions as a …

Metastases formation is a major factor in disease progression and accounts for the majority
of cancer deaths. The molecular mechanisms controlling invasion, dissemination to blood or …

Although the response of kidneys acutely damaged by ischemia or toxins is dominated by
epithelial destruction and regeneration, other studies have begun to define abnormalities in …