Cattle ticks are an important constraint on livestock production, particularly in tropical and
subtropical areas. Use of synthetic acaricides is the primary method of tick control; therefore …

Synthetic pesticides are extensively and injudiciously applied to control agriculture and
household pests worldwide. Due to their high use, their toxic residues have enormously …

The avermectins, milbemycins and spinosyns are collectively referred to as macrocyclic
lactones (MLs) which comprise several classes of chemicals derived from cultures of soil …

Ticks and the diseases they transmit cause great economic losses to livestock in tropical
countries. Non-chemical control alternatives include the use of resistant cattle breeds …

Poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae), the haematophagous pest of egg laying hens, is
an important problem in poultry production in many parts of the world. Control has typically …

Abstract Uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are widely distributed
within living organisms and share roles in biotransformation of various lipophilic endo‐and …

BACKGROUND Carboxylesterases (CarEs) are important in pesticide resistance. Four
overexpressed CarE genes with inducible character were screened out in fenpropathrin …

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), as an important family of detoxification
enzymes, participate in the metabolism of agrochemicals in almost all agricultural pests and …

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are involved in metabolic resistance to
insecticides and require NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) to transfer electrons …

The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a kind of metabolic enzymes and participate in
the detoxification metabolism of xenobiotics in various organisms. In insects, GSTs play …