Chronic alcohol use has been attributed to the development of malnutrition. This is in part
due to the inhibitory effect of ethanol on the absorption of vital nutrients, including glucose …

Background Macro minerals, also known as macro elements, are minerals that are required
in large amounts in the human body. Macro minerals are part of the biological structure of …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate cellular responses to a myriad of hormones
and neurotransmitters that play vital roles in the regulation of physiological processes such …

Recently developed human intestinal epithelial 3D organoid cultures are a useful cell
culture model to study intestinal transport physiology. From these, 2D monolayer cultures …

Tight junctions (TJs) play an important role in water, ion, and solute transport through the
paracellular pathway of epithelial cells; however, their role in diabetes-induced salivary …

Dietary nutrients absorbed in the proximal small intestine and assimilated in different tissues
have a profound effect on overall energy homeostasis, determined by a balance between …

In the small intestine, sodium (Na) absorption occurs primarily via two apical transporters,
Na-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) and Na-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1). The two …

Dietary lipid absorption is facilitated by bile acids. In the Zucker rat (ZR) model of obesity,
bile acid absorption, mediated by the apical sodium bile acid transporter (ASBT), was …

Helicobacter pylori is a highly prevalent human gastric pathogen that causes gastritis, ulcer
disease, and gastric cancer. It is not yet fully understood how H. pylori injures the gastric …

Background Sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1) may play a synergistic role in
gluconeogenesis (GNG) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) expression. We proposed the …