Plants including Rhizoma polgonati, Smilax china, and Trigonella foenum-graecum contain
a lot of diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin. This bioactive phytochemical has shown high …

Cancer is still the leading cause of death worldwide, burdening the global medical system.
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is among the first secondary metabolites discovered and it is a …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a tangle-shaped
accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide fragments and Tau protein in brain neurons. The …

Neurodegenerative disorders Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative
disorder associated with neuroinflammatory responses that lead to the neurodegeneration …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions of people worldwide, and to date,
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are the most common NDs. Of the many risk factors …

MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) or ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase)
pathway is an important link in the transition from extracellular signals to intracellular …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically manifested by a gradual
cognitive decline. Intracerebroventricular injection (ICV) of streptozotocin (STZ), a model of …

Background A biennial or perennial plant of the Apiaceae family, Eryngium caeruleum M.
Bieb. is traditionally used in medicine as an antitoxic, diuretic, digestive, anti-inflammatory …

Neuropsychiatric diseases are a group of disorders that cause significant morbidity and
disability. The symptoms of psychiatric disorders include anxiety, depression, eating …

Cerebral ischemic stroke is a disease with high prevalence and incidence. Its management
focuses on rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular …