Background The causal association between cigarette smoking and several diseases
remains equivocal. The purpose of this study was to appraise the causal role of smoking in a …

Reports of the increasing incidence of male infertility paired with decreasing semen quality
have triggered studies on the effects of lifestyle and environmental factors on the male …

Background Considerable interest has been gathered on the relevant impact of preventable
factors, including incorrect lifestyle and unhealthy habits, on female fertility. Smoking …

Nine out of 10 people breathe air that does not meet World Health Organization pollution
limits. Air pollutants include gasses and particulate matter and collectively are responsible …

Current smoking in population surveys is associated with a slight dose‐dependent fall of
serum TSH, likely secondary to a rise of serum FT 4 and FT 3 induced by activation of the …

Over recent years, many environmental pollutant chemicals have been shown to possess
the ability to interfere in the functioning of the endocrine system and have been termed …

Context: The cause of declining testosterone (T) in aging men and their relationships with
risk factors are unclear. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the …

Objective: Tobacco cigarette smoking is one of the major leading causes of death
throughout the world. Smoking has both acute and chronic effect on haematological …

Background: Breast cancer risk for postmenopausal women is positively associated with
circulating concentrations of oestrogens and androgens, but the determinants of these …

Osteoblasts are mononucleated cells that are derived from mesenchymal stem cells and that
are responsible for the synthesis and mineralization of bone during initial bone formation …