Mass incarceration has been such an enduring and extraordinary phenomenon that it has
profoundly shaped the notion that justice in the United States is inherently harsher than in …

Throughout the War of Resistance against Japan (1931–1945), the Chinese Nationalist
government punished collaborators with harsh measures, labeling the enemies from within …

Since September 11, 2001, US lawmakers have aggressively sought to outdo each other in
looking tough on terror. Members of Congress have purported to limit the president's …

This article explores the causes, forms and consequences of the resilience of treason as a
capital offence. Though generally overlooked by the literature on the death penalty, treason …

The Supreme Court has never articulated the extent of First Amendment protection for
instructional or" informational" speech-factual speech that may be repurposed for crime. As …

In 1987, the United States political and social systems lost trust in the judiciary and severely
limited its authority by enacting the mandatory Federal Sentencing Guidelines. During this …

States are engaging in brute force (anti) federalism, where both sides of the political
spectrum push agendas that extend beyond the Founder's early ideal of balanced …

Treason is the only crime referenced in the Constitutions of most countries. Treason statutes
aim to protect the security of the people and preserve the integrity of the state. Invoked …

Loyalty is the obligation that holds all levels of society together. From families and personal
relations, to large and complex states, loyalty promotes cohesion and stability. The classic …

S ituations of armed conflict almost invariably involve colkilaboration by civilians or
combatants with an opposing side. Parties to an armed conflict will seek to gain the upper …