RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is the major small RNA-mediated epigenetic
pathway in plants. RdDM requires a specialized transcriptional machinery that comprises …

Plants have an extraordinary diversity of transcription machineries, including five nuclear
DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Four of these enzymes are dedicated to the production …

RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a biological process in which non-coding RNA
molecules direct the addition of DNA methylation to specific DNA sequences. The RdDM …

Eukaryotes have evolved complex mechanisms to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs)
through coordinated actions of protein sensors, transducers, and effectors. Here we show …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression in plants
and animals. In plants, these∼ 21-nucleotide RNAs are processed from stem-loop regions …

Overlapping epigenetic mechanisms have evolved in eukaryotic cells to silence the
expression and mobility of transposable elements (TEs). Owing to their ability to recruit the …

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark involved in diverse biological processes.
In plants, DNA methylation can be established through the RNA-directed DNA methylation …

Histone methylation plays a fundamental role in regulating diverse developmental
processes and is also involved in silencing repetitive sequences in order to maintain …

Small RNAs of 20–30 nucleotides guide regulatory processes at the DNA or RNA level in a
wide range of eukaryotic organisms. Many, although not all, small RNAs are processed from …

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a pivotal factor regulating various aspects of genome
activity. Genome regulation via DNA methylation and post-translational histone …