Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a proven biological weapon. In order to
study this threat, a number of experimental surrogates have been used over the past 70 …

Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, manifests a particular bimodal lifestyle.
This bacterial species alternates between short replication phases of 20–40 generations that …

For bacterial typing to be useful, the development, validation and appropriate application of
typing methods must follow unified criteria. Over a decade ago, ESGEM, the ESCMID …

Anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is a disease of historical and current
importance that is found throughout the world. The basis of its historical transmission is …

Before the anthrax letter attacks of 2001, the developing field of microbial forensics relied on
microbial genotyping schemes based on a small portion of a genome sequence. Amerithrax …

Francisella tularensis contains several highly pathogenic subspecies, including Francisella
tularensis subsp. holarctica, whose distribution is circumpolar in the northern hemisphere …

Background Bacterial epidemiology needs to understand the spread and dissemination of
strains in a One Health context. This is important for highly pathogenic bacteria such as …

Materials and Methods: A literature review was performed using online databases, namely,
PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Biomed Central, and Science Direct, to extract relevant …

In December 2009, two cases of injectional anthrax were diagnosed in heroin users in
Scotland after B. anthracis was detected in blood cultures (8). These cases marked the …

Background Whole genome sequencing allowed the development of a number of high
resolution sequence based typing tools for Yersinia (Y.) pestis. The application of these …