The species-specific organizational property of speech is a continual mouth open-close
alternation, the two phases of which are subject to continual articulatory modulation. The …

This review examines the involvement of the motor cortex in Parkinson's disease (PD), a
debilitating movement disorder typified by degeneration of dopamine cells of the substantia …

Studies have suggested that there are beneficial effects of exercise in patients with
Parkinson's disease, but the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects …

The precise localization of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors within striatal neurons and
circuits is crucial information for further understanding dopamine pharmacology. We have …

Access to highly palatable and calorically dense foods contributes to increasing rates of
obesity worldwide. Some have made the controversial argument that consumption of such …

Previous studies have demonstrated that the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin, is
located within a population of GABAergic interneurons in the neostriatum of the rat …

Understanding neural representations of behavioral routines is critical for understanding
complex behavior in health and disease. We demonstrate here that accentuated activity of …

Two types of corticostriatal projection neurons have been identified: 1) one whose
intrastriatal arborization arises as a collateral of a projection to the ipsilateral brainstem via …

The existence of multiple motor cortical areas that differ in some of their properties is well
known in primates, but is less clear in the rat. The present study addressed this question …

Accumulating evidence suggests that selective M 4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
(mAChR) activators may offer a novel strategy for the treatment of psychosis. However …