Heterogeneous catalysis has provided a viable alternative to homogeneous catalysis for the
production of low-cost biodiesel fuel, overcoming the constraints of homogeneous catalysis …

An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with
exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative renewable source of energy …

Recently, there is an upsurge interest of using biomass derived char products in various
fields, in order to address some of the most urgent energy and environmental problems we …

Effective methods of biomass characterization are needed for energy production due to the
increase in biomass to bioenergy conversion capacity and the availability of various …

Thermochemical routes namely pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, torrefaction and
hydrothermal liquefaction yields biochar product, which mainly contains carbon, oxygen and …

The increasing demand for energy and diminishing sources of fossil fuels have called for the
discovery of new energy sources. The effective energy conversion process of biomass is …

Efficient transformation of biomass to value-added chemicals and high-energy density fuels
is pivotal for a more sustainable economy and carbon-neutral society. In this framework …

Activated carbon (AC) is a porous material with unique chemical and physical properties that
has been used widely in various applications. The production process of AC involves …

With drastic fossil fuel depletion and environmental deterioration concerns, a move towards
a more sustainable bioenergy-based economy is essential. Lately, the application of …

Biodiesel production from low cost, inedible oil represents an increasingly important target
for reasons of both sustainability and cost. In this work, we comprehensively verify the batch …