Many of the motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) can be preceded, sometimes for
several years, by non-motor symptoms that include hyposmia, sleep disorders, depression …

Cardinal motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) include bradykinesia, rest tremor, and
rigidity, which appear in the early stages of the disease and largely depend on …

Pain decreases the activity of many ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons,
yet the underlying neural circuitry connecting nociception and the DA system is not …

Several studies, including work from the Parkinson's disease (PD) non-motor group and
others, have established that the non-motor symptoms of PD are common, occur across all …

Advances in medical management of Parkinson's disease (PD) have resulted in living
longer with disability. Although disability worsens over the course of the disease, there are …

Movement disorders, which include disorders such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia,
Tourette's syndrome, restless legs syndrome, and akathisia, have traditionally been …

Converging lines of evidence suggest that the pathophysiology of pain is mediated to a
substantial degree via allostatic neuroadaptations in reward-and stress-related brain …

Abstract Changes in sensory function that have been described in patients with Parkinson
disease (PD) can be either'pure'disorders of conscious perception such as elevations in …

Parkinson disease (PD) is a multisystem disorder associated with α-synuclein aggregates
throughout the central, autonomic, and peripheral nervous system, clinically characterized …

Differences in the expression of non-motor symptoms (NMS) by Parkinson's disease (PD)
patients may have important implications for their management and prognosis. Gender is a …