As the major cellular component of the innate immune system in the central nervous system
(CNS) and the first line of defense whenever injury or disease occurs, microglia play a …

Microglia are the primary mediators of the immune defense system of the CNS and are
integral to the subsequent inflammatory response. The role of microglia in the injured CNS is …

Background Microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response following traumatic brain
injury (TBI) is considered as a vital secondary injury factor, which drives trauma-induced …

Background G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most widely studied gene
superfamilies. Thousands of GPCR research studies have utilized heterologous expression …

It has long been suggested that prior traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the subsequent
incidence of chronic neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson …

Since the original identification of microglia as a principal player in the brain's innate
immune response, microglial activation has been widely studied. Recent studies suggest …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive
loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). The present study was designed …

Neuroglia, the “glue” that fills the space between neurons in the central nervous system,
takes active part in nerve cell signaling. Neuroglial cells, astroglia, oligodendroglia, and …

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain and play major roles in central nervous
system development, maintenance, and disease. Brain insults cause microglia to proliferate …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces secondary biochemical changes that contribute to
delayed neuroinflammation, neuronal cell death, and neurological dysfunction. Attenuating …