Beetles occur in most terrestrial and freshwater habitats and a few occupy marine
environments. The most common life‐cycle type in beetles is holometaboly. More …

This chapter presents an overview of the seven infraorders and the 91 currently recognized
families of Heteroptera. For each family, it provides a brief diagnosis, selected information on …

The most widely recognized hymenopterans–ants, bees, and wasps or hornets–have long
been part of art, ritual, and folklore worldwide. Both extant and extinct Hymenoptera were …

Global trade continues to increase in volume, speed, geographic scope, diversity of goods,
and types of conveyances, which has resulted in a parallel increase in both quantity and …

The 'Symphyta'is a paraphyletic assemblage at the base of the order Hymenoptera,
comprising 14 families and about 8750 species. All have phytophagous larvae, except for …

Most major modern families of Hymenoptera were established in the Mesozoic, but the
diversifications within ecologically key trophic guilds and lineages that significantly influence …

Cerrenaceae is a small family of polypores and hydnoid fungi in the order Polyporales
(Basidiomycota). The family consists of white-rot fungi, some of which are serious tree …

We report that associations between mutualistic fungi and their economically and
ecologically important woodwasp hosts are not always specific as was previously assumed …

Over the last decade, DNA barcoding-the use of short, standardized DNA sequences for
species identification-has emerged as an important tool to study biodiversity. However …

A distributional checklist of the sawflies (Hymenoptera) of Canada, Alaska (USA) and
Greenland (Denmark) is presented. In total, 758 extant, described species, classified in 113 …