Mammalian genes were long thought to be constrained within somatic cells in most cell
types. This concept was challenged recently when cellular organelles including …

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals without biological function, and its
accumulation in living organisms has been reported. The kidney is a target organ in Cd …

Many people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 suffer long-term symptoms, such as “brain fog”,
fatigue and clotting problems. Explanations for “long COVID” include immune imbalance …

Mitochondrial damage plays vital roles in the pathology of many diseases, such as cancers,
neurodegenerative diseases, aging, metabolic diseases and many types of organ injury …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by the gradual degeneration of dopaminergic neurons
and the intracellular build-up of Lewy bodies rich in α-synuclein protein. This impairs various …

Traditionally, mitochondria are known as" the powerhouse of the cell," responsible for
energy (ATP) generation (by the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, the …

Extracellular chromatin, for example in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), is an
important element that propels the pathological progression of a plethora of diseases. DNA …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a metabolic disorder that has been steadily
increasing globally and seems to parallel the increasing prevalence of obesity. It consists of …

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of eukaryotic cells, which regulate cell metabolism and
differentiation. Recently, mitochondrial transfer between cells has been shown to direct …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of numerous diseases, including neurodegenerative
disorders, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Mitochondrial transfer, the transfer of …