Fossil pollen records are well-established indicators of past vegetation changes. The
prevalence of pollen across environmental settings including lakes, wetlands, and marine …

• Premise of the study: Near‐future climate changes are likely to elicit major vegetation
changes. Disequilibrium dynamics, which occur when vegetation comes out of equilibrium …

High-resolution, downscaled climate model data are used in a wide variety of applications
across environmental sciences. Here we introduce a new, high-resolution dataset, CHELSA …

Tree taxa shifted latitude or elevation range in response to changes in Quaternary climate.
Because many modern trees display adaptive differentiation in relation to latitude or …

The last 6000years are of particular interest to the understanding of the Earth System
because the boundary conditions of the climate system did not change dramatically (in …

No‐analog communities (communities that are compositionally unlike any found today)
occurred frequently in the past and will develop in the greenhouse world of the future. The …

MANY tropical soils are poor in inorganic nutrients and rely on the recycling of nutrients from
soil organic matter to maintain fertility. In undisturbed rainforests such nutrients are recycled …

Subfossil pollen and plant macrofossil data derived from 14 C-dated sediment profiles can
provide quantitative information on glacial and interglacial climates. The data allow climate …

Summary 1 The concept of the ecological niche relates a set of environmental variables to
the fitness of species, while habitat suitability models (HSMs) relate environmental variables …

During the Anthropocene and other eras of rapidly changing climates, rates of change of
ecological systems can be described as fast, slow or abrupt. Fast ecological responses …