Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central
nervous system (CNS) characterized by acute optic neuritis (ON) and transverse myelitis …

Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central
nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve …

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently show symptoms of central
nervous system (CNS) involvement, termed neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). The CNS …

B cells are essential components of the adaptive immune system and have important roles
in the pathogenesis of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Besides producing …

One of the most frequent statements, provided in different variations in the introduction of
experimental studies on multiple sclerosis (MS), is that “Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating …

The interface between the blood circulation and the neural tissue features unique
characteristics that are encompassed by the term'blood-brain barrier'(BBB). The main …

The understanding of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has evolved
substantially since its initial description over a century ago. The discovery in 2004 of a …

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water channel expressed on astrocytic endfeet in the brain. The
role of AQP4 has been studied in health and in a range of pathological conditions. Interest in …

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO, Devic's syndrome), long considered a clinical variant of multiple
sclerosis, is now regarded as a distinct disease entity. Major progress has been made in the …

Background The diagnostic and pathophysiological relevance of antibodies to aquaporin-4
(AQP4-Ab) in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) has been …