Background Despite major advances in our understanding of cancer biology and
technological advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy over past three decades, cancer is …

Molecular farming in plants is an emerging platform for the production of pharmaceutical
proteins, and host species such as tobacco are now becoming competitive with …

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is an immune checkpoint regulator
exclusively expressed on T cells that obstructs the cell's effector functions. Ipilimumab …

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed as therapeutics, especially for the
treatment of cancer, inflammation, and infectious diseases. Because the glycosylation of …

Nanoparticles are used as carriers for the delivery of drugs and imaging agents. Proteins are
safer than synthetic nanocarriers due to their greater biocompatibility and the absence of …

Mammalian cell culture systems are used predominantly for the production of therapeutic
monoclonal antibody (mAb) products. A number of alternative platforms, such as Pichia …

Immunotherapy potentiates a patient's immune response against some forms of cancer,
including malignant tumors. In this Special Report, we have summarized the use of …

For several decades, a plant‐based expression system has been proposed as an alternative
platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals including therapeutic monoclonal …

Traditionally, recombinant protein production has been done in several expression hosts of
bacteria, fungi, and majorly CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells; few have high production …

Plants have been explored for many years as inexpensive and versatile platforms for the
generation of vaccines and other biopharmaceuticals. Plant viruses have also been …