The regulation of gene expression is fundamental for life. Whereas the role of transcriptional
regulation of gene expression has been studied for several decades, it has been clear over …

This review summarizes our current understanding of the major pathway for the initiation
phase of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells, with a focus on recent advances. We describe …

In eukaryotes, the translation initiation codon is generally identified by the scanning
mechanism, wherein every triplet in the messenger RNA leader is inspected for …

Protein synthesis is principally regulated at the initiation stage (rather than during elongation
or termination), allowing rapid, reversible and spatial control of gene expression. Progress …

Termination of mRNA translation occurs when a stop codon enters the A site of the
ribosome, and in eukaryotes is mediated by release factors eRF1 and eRF3, which form a …

Translation initiation in eukaryotes is a highly regulated and complex stage of gene
expression. It requires the action of at least 12 initiation factors, many of which are known to …

Translation initiation in eukaryotes is a complex and highly regulated process requiring the
action of at least 12 protein factors. The pathway is distinguished by the formation of a pre …

Cells reprogram gene expression in response to environmental changes by mobilizing
transcriptional activators. The activator protein Gcn4 of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae …

The correct translation of mRNA depends critically on the ability to initiate at the right AUG
codon. For most mRNAs in eukaryotic cells, this is accomplished by the scanning …

Structures of the bacterial ribosome have provided a framework for understanding universal
mechanisms of protein synthesis. However, the eukaryotic ribosome is much larger than it is …