The term cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) increasingly has been used without a consistent or
well-accepted definition. To include the vast array of interrelated derangements, and to …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem. The classification of CKD by
KDOQI and KDIGO and the routine eGFR reporting have resulted in increased identification …

Heart failure (HF) is one of the greatest problems in healthcare and it often coexists with
declining renal function. The pathophysiology between the heart and the kidneys is …

Background The term “cardiorenal syndrome” has generally been reserved for declining
renal function in the setting of advanced congestive heart failure. Considering the complex …

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone released primarily by osteocytes that
regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. Recent observational studies in humans …

Here we evaluated the performance of a large set of serum biomarkers for the prediction of
rapid progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes. We used …

Rationale & Objective Identification of novel risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD)
progression may inform mechanistic investigations and improve identification of high-risk …

The natriuretic peptide (NP) system is an important endocrine, autocrine and paracrine
system, consisting of a family of peptides which provide cardiac, renal and vascular effects …

Background B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N‐terminal pro BNP (NT‐pro BNP) are
useful biomarkers in the management of heart failure. Both peptides are secreted into the …

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is an important biomarker for patients with heart failure,
hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Although it is known that BNP levels are relatively …