Proteins constitute the building blocks of biological materials such as tendon, bone, skin,
spider silk or cells. An important trait of these materials is that they display highly …

Bone consists of organic (mostly collagen) and inorganic (mostly bioapatite mineral)
components that are organized into hierarchical structures from nano-to macro-scales that …

Collagen is a protein material with superior mechanical properties. It consists of collagen
fibrils composed of a staggered array of ultra-long tropocollagen (TC) molecules. Theoretical …

The structural properties of collagen have been the subject of numerous studies over past
decades, but with the arrival of new technologies, such as the atomic force microscope and …

Collagen is a protein material with intriguing mechanical properties—it is highly elastic,
shows large fracture strength and plays a crucial role in making Nature's structural materials …

Native skin collagen fibers were successfully dissolved in the ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-
methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM] Cl), and regenerated in different precipitators. The …

This review is summarizing the results obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM) and
nanoindentation experiments to date. The combination of both techniques is especially …

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been in use for 30years, and the form of SPM known
as atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been around for 25 of those years. AFM has been …

The arrangement and orientation of the ultrastructure plays an important role for the
mechanical properties of inhomogeneous and anisotropic materials, such as polymers …

Bones with complicated hierarchical configuration and microstructures constitute the load-
bearing system. Mechanical loading plays an essential role in maintaining bone health and …