There is growing recognition of the problem of male bias in neuroscience research,
including in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI) where fewer women than men are …

Over the past decade, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has emerged as a major public health
concern, attracting considerable interest from the scientific community, clinical and …

Neuroinflammation is a physiological protective response in the context of infection and
injury. However, neuroinflammation, especially if chronic, may also drive …

Background: Researchers have begun to focus on age and sex differences in concussion
outcomes. Results suggest that younger athletes and female athletes may take longer to …

Are there sex differences in pain? For experimentally delivered somatic stimuli, females
have lower thresholds, greater ability to discriminate, higher pain ratings, and less tolerance …

Importance The natural progression of symptom change and recovery remains poorly
defined in children after concussion. Objectives To describe the natural progression of …

Objective: To determine if there is a gender difference in the incidence and outcomes of
sport concussion. Design: Critical literature review of sport concussion by gender …

Current knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma
indicates that similar mechanisms contribute to loss of cellular integrity and tissue …

In recent years there has been a growing body of clinical and laboratory evidence
demonstrating the neuroprotective effects of estrogen and progesterone after traumatic brain …

Object. Females comprise an increasing percentage of the athlete population across all age
groups, and analysis of recent literature reveals that they sustain more concussions in …