Plants and phytophagous arthropods have co-evolved for millions of years. During this long
coexistence, plants have developed defense mechanisms including constitutive and …

Gall-inducing insects are capable of exerting a high level of control over their hosts' cellular
machinery to the extent that the plant's development, metabolism, chemistry, and physiology …

Medal (note the leaf scroll at the top) received by W. Adams at the Missouri State Science
Fair. The backdrop of leaves includes those from (beginning in the upper left, moving …

Galls are defined as modifications of the normal developmental design of plants, produced
by a specific reaction to the presence and activity of a foreign organism. Although different …

Several specialised insects can manipulate normal plant development to induce a highly
organised structure known as a gall, which represents one of the most complex interactions …

Modulation of foliar photosynthesis rate during short-term changes in abiotic environment as
well as longer-term acclimation of photosynthetic capacity in response to abiotic factors or …

Galls, the abnormal growths in plants, induced by virus, bacteria, fungi, nematodes,
arthropods, or even other plants, are akin to cancers in fauna. The galls which occur in a …

Abstract Background Goji (Lycium) is a popular traditional health food, and its fruit and root
extracts have been found to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and …

Animal-induced galls are considered extended phenotypes of their inducers, and therefore
plant morphogenesis and metabolism may vary according to the species of gall inducers …

The larch adelgid Adelges laricis laricis Vallot is a specialist insect parasite of Picea
koraiensis (Korean spruce) and forms fish scale-like galls that damage the growth of the host …