There is a growing number of studies on the association between ambient air pollution and
adverse pregnancy outcomes, but their results have been inconsistent. Consequently, a …

Low birth weight and preterm birth have a substantial public health impact. Studies
examining their association with outdoor air pollution were identified using searches of …

Background: A growing body of evidence has associated maternal exposure to air pollution
with adverse effects on fetal growth; however, the existing literature is inconsistent …

BACKGROUND: Several mechanisms are suspected to underlie adverse birth outcomes
among mothers exposed to air pollutants, including inflammation, direct toxic effects on …

Objectives The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to provide
summarized evidence on the association between maternal exposure to particulate air …

We performed this meta-analysis to estimate the associations of maternal exposure to PM
2.5 and its chemical constituents with birth weight and to explore the sources of …

Background Evidence suggests that air pollution exposure adversely affects pregnancy
outcomes. Few studies have examined individual-level intraurban exposure contrasts …

A substantial proportion of the global burden of disease is directly or indirectly attributable to
exposure to air pollution. Exposures occurring during the periods of organogenesis and …

This paper will review the epidemiology of the impact of cigarette smoking and other forms of
tobacco exposure on human development. Sources of exposure described include …

Background Several studies have examined whether air pollution affects birth weight;
however results vary and many studies were focused on Southern California or were …