Hollow carbon spheres (HCSs), also sometimes called carbon capsules, refer to hollow
structured carbon particles of millimetre, micron or even nanometre size and …

The discovery of fullerenes has opened up new studies in shaped carbon materials. In
particular the discovery that carbon atoms in fullerenes showed curved sp2 bonding also led …

Different pyrolysis methods, parameters and feedstocks result in biochars with different
properties, structures and removal capacities for heavy metals. However, the role of each …

The release of microplastics (MPs) especially those with sizes less than 10 μm from effluent
of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is one of the major sources of plastics into aquatic …

Carbon offers unmatched versatility among the elements of the periodic table. Depending on
its hybridization state and atomic arrangement, carbon forms the layered semiconductor …

The discovery of carbon nanostructures, essentially carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon
nanofibres (CNF) has led to a big effort devoted to their synthesis, characterization, surface …

Biochar, a carbon-rich valuable by-product obtained from the hydrothermal carbonization of
biomass model compounds (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), was utilized as a support …

Graphene is the strongest material ever studied and can be an efficient substitute for silicon.
This six-volume handbook focuses on fabrication methods, nanostructure and atomic …

As global consumption of fossil fuels such as oil increases, previously abundant sources
have become depleted or plagued with obstructions. Asphaltene deposition is one of such …

Recent advancements in synthesizing materials potential for hydrogen storage have greatly
forced the hydrogen storage technology ahead in recent years. Hollow spheres, with …