Erythrocytosis, or increased production of red blood cells, is one of the most well-
documented physiological traits that varies within and among in high-altitude populations …

Oxygen is vital for cellular metabolism; therefore, the hypoxic conditions encountered at high
altitude affect all physiological functions. Acute hypoxia activates the adrenergic system and …

Hypoxia-inducible factor pathway genes are linked to adaptation in both human and
nonhuman highland species. EPAS1, a notable target of hypoxia adaptation, is associated …

The environmental conditions in high‐altitude areas can induce gastrointestinal disorders
and changes in gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is closely related to a variety of …

Aims A unique Andean population lives in the highest city of the world (La Rinconada, 5100
m, Peru) and frequently develops a maladaptive syndrome, termed chronic mountain …

Introduction Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a condition characterized by excessive
erythrocytosis in response to chronic hypobaric hypoxia. CMS frequently triggers …

The ability to respond rapidly to changes in oxygen tension is critical for many forms of life.
Challenges to oxygen homeostasis, specifically in the contexts of evolutionary biology and …

Human Acclimatization and therapeutic approaches are the core components for
conquering the physiological variations at high altitude (≥ 2500 m) exposure. The declined …

Introduction High altitude hypoxia is believed to be experienced at elevations of more than
2500 meters above sea level. Several studies have shed light on the biochemical aspects of …

Methods Between 2005 and 2019, we conducted a longitudinal follow-up of 90 male
dwellers from La Rinconada (5,100-5,300 m), a gold mining town located in southeastern …