The central nervous system (CNS) receives information from afferent neurons, circulating
hormones, and absorbed nutrients and integrates this information to orchestrate the actions …

Feeding, which is essential for all animals, is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. In
addition, food consumption is temporally coordinated by the brain over the circadian (~ 24 h) …

Prior mouse genetic research has set the stage for a deep understanding of appetite
regulation. This goal is now being realized through the use of recent technological …

Obesity is a major health crisis affecting over a third of the global population. This
multifactorial disease is regulated via interoceptive neural circuits in the brain, whose …

After ingestion of toxin-contaminated food, the brain initiates a series of defensive responses
(eg, nausea, retching, and vomiting). How the brain detects ingested toxin and coordinates …

The role of serotonin in food intake has been studied for decades. Food intake is mainly
regulated by two brain circuitries:(i) the homeostatic circuitry, which matches energy intake …

The parabrachial nucleus (PBN), which is located in the pons and is dissected by one of the
major cerebellar output tracks, is known to relay sensory information (visceral malaise, taste …

There have been many recent advances in the understanding of various aspects of the
physiology of gastric motility and gastric emptying. Earlier studies had discovered the …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive
memory decline and subsequent loss of broader cognitive functions. Memory decline in the …

Central regulation of food intake is a key mechanism contributing to energy homeostasis.
Many neural circuits that are thought to orchestrate feeding behavior overlap with the brain's …