In this review we compile and discuss the published plethora of cell biological effects which
are ascribed to electric fields (EF), magnetic fields (MF) and electromagnetic fields (EMF). In …

This review is intended to critically convey information on water magnetization and to
discuss each application that employs magnetic field as an aid in wastewater treatment. The …

Process industry remains sceptical of antiscale magnetic treatment (AMT) despite its long
history. Manufacturer's claims concerning AMT comprise:(a) a reduction in the amount of …

A home-made magnetic device was built with permanent magnets for treating scaling
waters. Its efficiency was evaluated by measuring the remaining ionic calcium at the output …

Scale deposits in water systems often result in ample technical and economic problems.
Conventional chemical treatments for scale control are expensive and may cause health …

The magnetic field is a special substance that exists objectively and transmits the magnetic
force between objects. Magnetic fields (MFs) are gradually attracting attention as a facile …

Magnetic water treatment devices have been used for many years toprevent scale, primarily
CaC03, from depositing in pipes and boilers. This treatment technique remains …

Laboratory studies indicate that magnetohydrodynamic effects may be responsible for
claims that magnetic treatment devices are sometimes effective for scale control in water …

This study investigated the effectiveness and mechanisms of electromagnetic field (EMF) on
reverse osmosis (RO) membrane scaling control during brackish groundwater desalination …

A technique previously used to study the effects of magnetic fields on calcium carbonate
(CaCO3) precipitate is revisited in order to investigate the two most widely reported …