Estrogen facilitates higher cognitive functions by exerting effects on brain regions such as
the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Estrogen induces spinogenesis and synaptogenesis …

Estrogens play an important role in the regulation of normal physiology, aging and many
disease states. Although the nuclear estrogen receptors have classically been described to …

Nuclear receptors are classically defined as ligand-activated transcription factors that
regulate key functions in reproduction, development, and physiology. Humans have 48 …

Estrogens play a critical role in many aspects of physiology, particularly female reproductive
function, but also in pathophysiology, and are associated with protection from numerous …

Estrogens are important for bone metabolism via a variety of mechanisms in osteoblasts,
osteocytes, osteoclasts, immune cells and other cells to maintain bone mineral density …

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ are members of the steroid nuclear receptor family that
modulate gene transcription in an estrogen-dependent manner. ER mRNA and protein have …

Estrogens are considered to play a major role in promoting the proliferation of both the
normal and the neoplastic breast epithelium. Their role as breast carcinogens has long been …

MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemicals 17 b-Estradiol, Diethylstilbestrol (DES), Bisphenol
A (Bis A) and Nonylphenol (NP) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co.[2, 4, 6, 7-3H (N)] …

Studies indicate that estrogen receptor (ER) α mediates breast cancer-promoting effects of
estrogens. The role of ERβ in breast cancer is unknown. Elucidating the role of ERβ in the …

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy diagnosed in women. Approximately 70% of
breast tumors express the estrogen receptor (ER). Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) …