No single animal model is able to encompass all of the variables known to affect human
ischemic stroke. This review highlights the major strengths and weaknesses of the most …

Spreading depolarization (SD) is a phenomenon of various cerebral gray matter structures
that only occurs under pathological conditions. In the present paper, we summarize the …

Epileptogenesis is common following brain insults such as trauma, ischemia and infection.
However, the mechanisms underlying injury-related epileptogenesis remain unknown …

Background Investigations following stroke first of all require information about the spatio-
temporal dimension of the ischemic core as well as of perilesional and remote affected …

Efficient neuronal signaling in the central nervous system strictly depends on a well‐
balanced microenvironment around glial cells, synapses, and axons. Unique features of the …

Objective Cortical spreading depolarizations (CSDs) are intense and ubiquitous
depolarization waves relevant for the pathophysiology of migraine and brain injury. CSDs …

Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to investigate the temporal and
spatial relationship between the biphasic nature of blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening and …

The blood-brain-barrier is ultrastructurally assembled by a monolayer of brain microvascular
endothelial cells (BMEC) interconnected by a junctional complex of tight and adherens …

Immunosenescence, or ageing of the immune system, contributes to the increased morbidity
and mortality seen in the elderly population. Premature immunosenescence is shown to …

Noninvasively detecting and characterizing modulations in cellular scale micro-architecture
remains a desideratum for contemporary neuroimaging. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) has become …