Journalists are increasingly reporting that online harassment has become a normative part
of their lives, and that online harassment experience induces fatigue, anxiety, and self …

This article generates new insights into the changing profession of journalism. Empirically,
we present the findings of 21 interviews with journalists working in the Irish and UK sports …

There is evidence that online hate speech is increasing significantly on social media pages
related to sport, but less research on how sport and media organisations are managing it …

This article provides an original contribution to the field of sports fandom by investigating the
experiences of women football supporters on X (formerly Twitter). Drawing on data from an …

As demonstrated in the social media posts of netball athletes Stacey Francis-Bayman and Jo
Harten, online abuse of athletes is shockingly violent and unfiltered, and radiates beyond …

This study examines responses from Facebook and X users regarding the burning of TVC
headquarters by protesters in Lagos, Nigeria. Data for the study were from a mix of …

Online abuse has become a frequent and prevalent occurrence within the sporting
landscape. Instances of online abuse can be sparked by “trigger events,” which are reactive …

An estimated five billion people use social media globally. The digital world enables
networking and community-building beyond geographical and jurisdictional boundaries, it …

Sports, traditionally pregnant with aggression and violence, are now a breeding ground for
online abuse, where toxicity and malicious campaigns on social media have even afflicted …