Various mathematical approaches undertaken to model all stages of droplet freezing are
reviewed. The literature is rife with theoretical, experimental, and numerical treatments of the …

Hybrid nanofluids are extensively analyzed in recent studies due to their better performance
in numerous areas such as heat and mass transfer enhancement, biological fluid movement …

Cold thermal energy storage (CTES) is a process that supplies cold thermal energy to a
medium for storage and extracts it whenever is needed. The storage medium is phase …

Stefan problems provide one of the most fundamental frameworks to capture phase change
processes. The problem in cylindrical coordinates can model outward solidification, which …

Phase-change is an important phenomenon and usually it causes a concomitant change in
the density of the underlying materials. As applications of phase-change grow, it is important …

The importance of developing spray freeze-drying technology for extending the shelf life of
biological and pharmaceutical materials has never been greater, given the increasing food …

The spontaneous spreading of water droplets on a low-temperature solid surface is
ubiquitous in nature and critical to numerous industrial applications, but its mechanism …

The Stefan problem (whether in its classical form or not) has assumed that the interface
moves instantaneously with time as a prescribed initial condition. This assumption is valid in …

Vacuum freeze-drying has been expanding its influence in many fields, and the freezing
stage is of utmost importance for the freeze-drying process. However, the limited …

With the ever-increasing engineering and biological applications of rapid droplet
solidification on superhydrophobic surfaces, developing accurate dendritic growth models …