Highlights•Assessing pain in animals is problematic without a distinct definition.•We provide
clear criteria for animal pain that can be used to evaluate if pain occurs.•The empirical …

Simple Summary Labour is considered a painful episode where complex physiological,
hormonal, morphological, and behavioural changes are present. During animal parturition …

Background Xenon is a noble gas with neuroprotective properties that can improve short
and long-term outcomes in young adult mice after controlled cortical impact. This follow-up …

Buprenorphine is a long-acting opiate with a high therapeutic index. The authors review the
pharmacology, toxicity, analgesic effects and delivery of buprenorphine for use in laboratory …

An adequate analgesic strategy is important to improve the postoperative recovery and
welfare of laboratory rats and mice. It is desirable that the method for administering the drug …

Environmental factors during the early-life period are known to have long-term
consequences for the adult phenotype. An intimate interplay between genes and …

This study investigated the effects of surgical placement of permanent arterial catheters on
plasma corticosterone levels, fecal corticosterone excretion and body weight in male …

Gavage is a widely performed technique for daily dosing in laboratory rodents. Although
effective, gavage comprises a sequence of potentially stressful procedures for laboratory …

Hypoxia induced endoplasmic reticulum stress causes accumulation of unfolded proteins in
the endoplasmic reticulum and activates the unfolded protein response, resulting in …

Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats is a common animal model for
studying chronic inflammatory pain. However, modelling of the disease is associated with …