Since it was first recognized in bacteria and archaea as a mechanism for innate viral
immunity in the early 2010s, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats …

CRISPR has brought a revolutionary impetus to the field of life sciences. The abundance of
CRISPR arrays found in nature and the programmability of Cas nucleases have catalyzed …

Soil salinity is a major environmental stressor affecting agricultural productivity worldwide.
Understanding plant responses to salt stress is crucial for developing resilient crop varieties …

The cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the Solanaceae family. The
origin of tomato plant traces back to the Andean Region in South America, where wild types …

Background Stomata, which play important roles in both optimizing photosynthesis efficiency
and adapting to stress, are closely related to IAA and ABA. In plants, the auxin influx carrier …

Sugar crops, namely sugarcane, sugar beet and sweet sorghum, rank among the top
essential crops for both food and industry globally, yet their production is impeded by …

Drought and heat stress cause an enormous loss of crop production, which poses a threat to
world food security. These stresses are more prominent in arid and semi‐arid lands of the …

SUMMARYSoil salinity is a major environmental stressor affecting agricultural productivity
worldwide. Understanding plant responses to salt stress is crucial for developing resilient …

Biotic (disease and insect pest) and abiotic (salt, cold, drought, and alkali) stresses are the
crucial factors that impact the plant's growth and development. They are the key reasons …

In nature, the plants have to face and fight both the abiotic (cold, heat, drought, salinity, and
heavy metals) and biotic stressors (pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses and …