The biofilm matrix can be considered to be a shared space for the encased microbial cells,
comprising a wide variety of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), such as …

Most bacteria attach to biotic or abiotic surfaces and are embedded in a complex matrix
which is known as biofilm. Biofilm formation is especially worrisome in clinical settings as it …

Plasmids have a key role in bacterial ecology and evolution because they mobilize
accessory genes by horizontal gene transfer. However, recent studies have revealed that …

Bacteria acquire novel DNA through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), a process that enables
an organism to rapidly adapt to changing environmental conditions, provides a competitive …

Microplastics have been found to be ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems, providing a novel
substrate for biofilm formation. Here, we incubated biofilm on microplastics and two natural …

Medical device-associated infections account for a large proportion of hospital-acquired
infections. A variety of opportunistic pathogens can cause implant infections, depending on …

A global medical crisis is unfolding as antibiotics lose effectiveness against a growing
number of bacterial pathogens. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) contributes significantly to …

Microorganisms colonize various ecological niches in the human habitat, as they do in
nature. Predominant forms of multicellular communities called biofilms colonize human …

The development of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations for targeting the bone
microenvironment holds significant potential for nucleic acid therapeutic applications …

Biofilms in water environments are thought to be hot spots for horizontal gene transfer (HGT)
of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). ARGs can be spread via HGT, though mechanisms …