Cells metabolize nutrients for biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs to fuel growth and
proliferation. The uptake of nutrients from the environment and their intracellular metabolism …

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are complicated metabolic diseases that affect multiple
organs and are characterized by hyperglycaemia. Currently, stable and effective treatments …

The mechanism of insulin action is a central theme in biology and medicine. In addition to
the rather rare condition of insulin deficiency caused by autoimmune destruction of …

The forkhead box protein O (FOXO, consisting of FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4 and FOXO6)
transcription factors are the mammalian orthologues of Caenorhabditis elegans DAF-16 …

The two β-arrestins, β-arrestin-1 and-2 (systematic names: arrestin-2 and-3, respectively),
are multifunctional intracellular proteins that regulate the activity of a very large number of …

Obesity is a major health crisis affecting over a third of the global population. This
multifactorial disease is regulated via interoceptive neural circuits in the brain, whose …

Asprosin is a recently discovered fasting-induced hormone that promotes hepatic glucose
production. Here we demonstrate that asprosin in the circulation crosses the blood–brain …

Insulin resistance is a major underlying mechanism for the “metabolic syndrome”, which is
also known as insulin resistance syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is increasing at an …

Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle,
apoptosis and metabolism. In model organisms, FOXO activity also affects stem cell …

In the past decade, emerging synthetic biology technologies such as chemogenetics have
dramatically transformed how pharmacologists and systems biologists deconstruct the …